Lately, I have frequently experienced that Grub is installed to the “wrong” partition. Or, more precisely, that another device (typically the USB drive I use to install different Linux distributions from) has given the highest priority (lowest index) by the BIOS. This causes for example the Ubuntu-installation to install Grub to the incorrect partition.
Fortunately, installing Grub on the correct hard drive is a straight-forward procedure. This description is for Ubuntu, but a rescue/recovery mode exists for the other distributions I have tried:
fdisk -l
.a
(for setting the bootable flag), 1
(select
partition) and then w
for writing.grub-install /dev/sdX
.